InterView Questions and Answer
Q1. What is Operating System. ?
Ans. Operating System work as an interpreter between computer hardware and application Operating System work as a user interface.
Q2. Type of Operating System.?
Ans. There are two type of Operating System :
1. SOS - Simple Operating System as for example:- Windows 95,98,ME
2. NPS - Network Operating System as for example:- Windows NT,200,2003
Q3. What is Server .?
Ans. Server are computer that provides that service. As for Example -
1. DNS Server Domain naming system
2. WINS Server Window naming system
3. DHCP Server
4. RAS Server
5. VPN Server
Q4. What is RAS Server. ?
Ans. RAS stands for Remote Access Server. It is basically use for mobile user in the network. This Server provides the remote access connectivity for mobile user. In this way all of the mobile users are connected to server through telephone line. This Server also provides the connectivity between two or more Offices in the Network.
Q5. What is VPN Server. ?
Ans. VPN stands for Virtual Private Network . It is basically use for mobile user in the network . This Server provides the remote access connectivity for mobile user. In this way all of the mobile users are connected to server through Internet. This is service also provides the connectivity between two or more Office in the Network. VPN is cost Effective (No costly).
Q6. What is IAS Server. ?
Ans. IAS stands for Internet Authentication Services. IAS Server is also known as RADIUS Server. IAS Server Provides the centralized management of multiple RAS & VPN Servers in the Network. On this Server Remote Access policy and Remote Access Logging Options are available.
Q7. Difference Between FAT & NTFS.?
Ans. There are major difference are available between FAT & NTFS File Systems such as.
The overall structure of any operating system where file are named, modified and executed is called file system.
FAT NTFS
--Fat stands for File Allocation Table. --NTFS stands for New Technology File System.
--There are two categories in Fat file systems: --There are three categories in NTF File System:
1. Fat 16 1.NTFS 4.0 - NT O/S
2. Fat 32 2.NTFS 5.0 - 2000 O/S
3. 3.NTFS 6.0 - 2003 O/S
--In Fat Up To Folder Level Security is available. --In NTFS UP-to File Level Security is Available.
--Compression Option is not available. --Compression Option is available.
--Encryption Option is not available. --Encryption Option is available.
--Disk Quota Option is not available. --Disk Quota Option is available.
--FAT Supported By All of The Microsoft Based --TFS Supported By only Limited Microsoft Based
Operating System. Operating System.
Q8. What is Active Directory.?
Ans. Active Directory is the main concept of Windows 2000/20003 Network. It stores all of the information about the whole network such as users,printers,computers etc.
Q9. What is Tree. ?
Ans. A group of domain is called tree and sharing a contiguous Name space.
Q10. What is Forest. ?
Ans. A goup of tree is called forest and does not sharing a contiguous name space but sharing a common configuration (schema).
Q11. Difference between D.C. And A.D.C. ?
Ans. D.C. Stands for Domain Controller and A.D.C. Stands for Additional Domain Controller. AD.C is a back up copy of D.C Only one difference is available Between D.C. And A.D.C. I.e.-Operation Master Role. On D.C. All of the three Operating Master Roles are available--
1. RID Master
2. PDC Emulator
3. Infrastructure Operation Master Role.
But on A.D.C. No any Operation Master roles are available
Q12. What is benefits of Child Domain. ?
Ans. There are many benefits of Child Domain Such As---
1. Security Boundary
2. Administrative Overhead Low
3. Network Traffic Low
Q13. What is Group.?
Ans. Group is collection of user account. It provides the simplified administration in the network.
Q14. What is OU.?
Ans. OU stands for Organization Unit. On OU we define goup policy in the network . Group policy is basically assigned on active directory container i.e.. Site ,Domain, OU. When ever we want some users in the network do not use shut down the system, do not use run command, do not use control panel, then we put that user in the OU and assign the appropriate Group Policy on that OU.
Q15. What is Group Policy.?
Ans. Group policy provides the stream line access to all fo the users in the network. Group policy is basically assigned on active directory container.i.e Site ,Domain, OU. When ever we want some users in the network do not use shut down the system, do not use run command, do not use control panel, then we put that user in the OU and assign the appropriate Group Policy on that OU.
Q16. Difference between permission, Right and Policy./
Ans. Permission - Permission are basically on network resources as for example--File,Folder.share Folder. Printer.
Right - Right is basically assign to users and groups.
Policy - Policy are basically assigned active directory container i.e.- Site, Domain ,OU.
Q17. What is ISA Server. ?
Ans. ISA stands for internet Security Acceleration. ISA Server Provides the Internet connectivity for all of the users in network ISA server also works as a Proxy Server in the network. With the help of ISA Server Administrator can Filtering a Client request For a Specific Web site in the Network.
Q18. What is Default Gateway. ?
Ans. Default Gateway is the IP Address of Router in the Network. When ever any clients want to go to another network that query will forward to Default Gateway.
Q19. What is Site.?
Ans. A Site is a geographical area where all of the domain available. Site manages the Replication Traffic between Two or More Difference Sites in the Network.
Q20. What is Operation Master Roles.?
Ans. Operation Master Role is available on Domain Controller in the Network. There are Five type of Operation Master Role :-
1. Schema Master
2. Domain Naming Master
3. RID Master
4. PDC Emulator
5. Infrastructure Operation Master Role
Q21. Difference between Mixed Mode and Native Mode. ?
Ans. There are three type of domain mode:-
1. Mixed Mode -- In this node NT,win2kand win 2k3 D.C are available.
2. Win 2k Native Modes --In this mode Win 2k and win 2k3 D.C. Are available.
3. Win 2k3 Native Mode -- In this mode only win 2k3 D.C. Are available.
Q22. What is SCSI.?
Ans. SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. In SCSI the rate of date transmission is fast SCSI Hard Disk speed - R.P.M is fast In SCSI Date Transmission Speed is 320 MBPS in the Network. In SCSI Controller We can Connect Maximum 15 physical Devices in the system.
Q23. What is Host Record and PTR Record. ?
Ans. A record is also called host record. This record is basically created in forward lookup Zone. PTR record is also called pointer record. This record is basically created in reverse Lookup Zone.
Q24. What is Reservation. ?
Ans. Reservation is basically used in DHCP Server. When Ever we want This Computer is always received This IP Address From DHCP Server in The Network, in that Case we create a Reservation in DHCP Server of that particular Computer in The Network.
Q25. IP Address Range/Classes. ?
Ans. There are two type of IP address:-
1.Class Full IP address.
2.Class Less IP address.
Class Full IP Address : There are Five Classes :-
I. Class A - 0 - 126 (127 is reserved for Loop back)
II. Class B - 128 - 191
III. Class C - 192 - 223
VI. Class D - 224 - 239
V. Class E - 240 - 225
Q26. Difference between Hardware Router and Software Rother. ?
An.. Hardware Router - Hardware Router is a dedicated Router. It having a lot of features Such as Security,dedicated routing in the network. As for Example Cisco Router.
Software Router - Soft ware Router is not a dedicated Router.It provides the difference ------ also. Such as DNS server. i.e-- Window Based Router.
Q27. Difference Between Hardware firewall and Software firewall.?
Ans. Hardware Firewall - It is dedicated firewall . A lost of security features are available on Hardware based firewall. AS for example - Cisco pix firewall.
Software Firewall - It is not dedicated firewall. It provides the normal security in the network -- cheek Point.
Q 28. What is Domain Controller. ?
Ans. D.C. Stands for Domain Controller. It provides the centralized management of entire domain in the network . When ever we will install active directory database on a server side operating system then after that system becomes a D.C. Domain Controller manages all security related interaction between users and computer in the Network.
Q 29. What is B Router .?
Ans. B Router stands for Bridge Router. We can say this is a layer three bridge that provides the communication between two or more difference Network ID.
Q30. What is Bridge.?
Ans. Bridge is a layer 2 Network device that provides the communication within the same network ID> IN bridge Maximum16 Port are available.
Q31. Difference Between Gateway and Router. ?
Ans. Router works on some network architecture but Gateway works on different network architecture.
Q32. What is POP Server/SMTP Server. ?
Ans. POP stands for Post office Protocol. It is basically use for mail receiving purpose in the network.
SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is basically user for sending a mail as well as receiving a mail in the network.
Q33. What is active directory Partitions. ?
Ans. Active Directory Partition is a Logical Partition of Active Directory. This Partition is Basically Use for Replication form D.C. to A.D.C & D.C.to G.C.S (Global Catalog Server) in the Network. There are three Type of Active Directory Partition :
1. Schema Partition
2. Configuration Partition
3. Domain Partition
Q 34. Type of Active Directory Partition. ?
Ans. There are three type of Active Directory Partition :
1. Schema partition
2. Configuration partition
3. Domain partition
Q35. What is Function of Ping Command.?
Ans. Ping provides to check the physical IP Connectivity between two or more device in the network. Ping Sends an ICMP request form source computer to destination computer and destination computer sends an ICMP reply.
Q36. What are Broadcasting, Multicasting, Unicasting. ?
Ans. Broadcasting -- One All
Multicasting -- One to Many Not All
Unicasting -- One to One
Q37. What is Group Nesting .?
Ans. When we add two or more Groups within a Single Group. It is called Group Nesting.
Q38. What is FIXMBR. ?
Ans. FIXMBR Repair the Master boot Record of the Partition Boot Sector.
Q39. What is FIXBOOT.?
Ans. FIXBOOT write a new Partition Boot sector on to the system partition.
Q40. What is SID. ?
Ans. SID stands for Security Identifier, Every Object has a unique ID. It is called SID.
Q41. What is RADIUS Seres. ?
Ans. RADIUS Stands for Remote Authentication Dail-in User Service. RADIUS Server provides the Centralized management of Multiple RAS & VPN Server in the Network. On this Server Remote Access Policy and Remote Access Logging Options are available.
Q42. What is Trusting Domain. ?
Ans. In Trusting Domain Resources are available.
Q43. What is Trusted Domain. ?
Ans. In Trusted Domain User Account's are Available.
Q44. What is Microsoft Exchange Server.?
Ans. Microsoft Exchange Server is Software that provides the service such as sending & receiving mail.
Q45. What is printer. ?
Ans. Printer is Software that Governing the print Device .There are two type of printer. :
1. Local Printer
2. Network Printer
Q46. What is chatting. ?
Ans. Chatting is real time Conversion between two or more peoples in the Network.
Q47. What is Directory Service Restore Mode. ?
Ans. When our Active Directory Database is not Working Properly, Then we Restart the Domain Controller and press F8 key after Selecting the Directory Services Restore Mode and then after Restoring the Active directory database from the Last Backup.
Q48. What is normal Backup. ?
Ans. Just like a normal backup By default backup.
Q49. What is incremental Backup. ?
Ans. In Incremental backup only incremental parts are backup not full backup.
Q50. What is Differential Backup. ?
Ans. In Differential Backup we take full backup after normal backup.
Q51. What is Packet.?
Ans. A Packet is a logical Grouping of information that includes a header which contains location information and user data.
Q52. What is Forwarder. ?
Ans. It is basically use in DNS Server. When client Query to the DNS Server. In that case if the DNS is having a best result then DNS sever give the best result to the Client Computer in the Network otherwise DNS Server forward the query to the root DNS Server on own behalf and give the complete result to the client computer in the network.
Q53. What is encryption. ?
Ans. There are Four Type of Encryption :
1. No Encryption -- NO
2. Basic -- MPPE -- 40 bits -- des
3. Strong -- 56 bits -- des -- MPPE/IPSec.
4. Strongest -- 128 bit date encryption -- MPPE/IPSec
Q54. What is Rip V.1, Rip V.2, IGMP, OSPF.?
Ans. 1.Rip V.1 -- Broadcast -- Small Network Use.
2.Rip V.2 -- Multicast
3. IGMP -- Multicast
4. OSPF -- Multicast - For Larger Network
Q55. What is the requirement Of VPN Server.?
Ans. VPN require IP connectivity between the client and the server. VPN does not require a dial up connection Between the client and server in the Network.
Q56. What is inbound Connection .?
Ans. Inbound Connection is Created on server side.
Q57. What is outbound Connection.?
Ans. Outbound Connection is created on client side.
Q58. What is the function of jetpack command in DHCP Server. ?
Ans. Check the database consistency of DHCP Server in the network.
Q59. What is Remote Access Policy. ?
Ans. In Remote Access policy there are three options are available:-
1. Condition - 8 a.m. To 5 p.m. Marketing Group
2. Permission - Yes/No
3. Profile - Connectivity time, IPSec Policy
Q60. What is TRACERT .?
Ans. TRACERT display computer route information form source computer to destination computer in the network.
Q61. What is the function of jetpack command in WINS Server. ?
Ans. For Compacting the WINS database we use jetpack command.
jetpack wins,mdb kk. Mdb
Q62. What is tunneling form.?
Ans. The sending and receiving fo data through a secure way in the network, it is called tunneling form.
Q63. What is trust relationship.?
Ans Trust Relationship is an important part in the client server network. There are tow types of Trust relationship :-
1. Non Transitive Trust - Non Transitive Trust is a one way trust relationship in the network. As for Example -- in NT Network.
2. Transitive Trust - Transitive Trust is tow way trust relationship in the network. As for example --in 200/2003 Network.
Q64. What is DACL.?
Ans DACL stand for Discretionary Access Control List. in DACL basically permission entry is available of any user in the Network.
Q65. What is SACL.?
Ans. SACL stand for system Access Control List. In SACL basically auditing Entry is available of any user in the network.
Q66. What is MSI.?
Ans. This file is basically use for deploying or installation of any application in the network.
Q67. What is MST.?
Ans. The file is basically using for repairing of any application in the network.
Q68. What is Zap File.?
Ans. It is basically use for that application, Which do not have the MSI file. We Create a text file with zap extension for deploying or installation purpose of any application in the network.
Q69. What is ACE.?
Ans. ACE stand for access control Entry.
Q70. What is operation master role. ?
Ans. Operation master role is available on domain controller in the network.
There are five type of operation master role inside the active directory :-
1. Schema master - Schema master is responsible for changes of schema, updating of schema in the network.
2. Domain Naming Master - Domain naming Master is responsible for adding or removing a domain inside the forest.
3. RID Master - RID Master Provides RID no of each D.C. In the network. Every D.C. Is having a one ID no, It is called RID NO Domain, Object -- S.I.D.
4. PDC Emulator - It is basically use for previous version of windows 2000 clients in the Network.
PDC emulator work as an emulator for previous version of windows2000 client in the network.
PDC - Primary Domain Controller
BDC - backup Domain Controller
5. Infrastructure Operation Master - infrastructure Operation Master Role provides uniqueness of any object inside the forest. Infrastructure operation master role. Updates references to objects and goup membership from other domain in the network.
Q71. What is dedicated Server. ?
Ans. A dedicated server functions as a server only not as a client. As for Example-- Domain Controller.
Q72. What is bridgehead Server. ?
Ans. A bridgehead server is a central point in the site that is responsible for replication form another Site.
Q73. What is the booting file Of Windows 2000, 2003, XP OS.?
Ans. 1. NTLDR
2. NTDETECT.COM
3.BOOT.INI
4.NTBOOTDD.SYS
5.NTOSKRNL.EXE
Q74. What is clustering. ?
Ans. Suppose, I create a web site -- www.yahoo.com. This same web page is available On all of the ten computers. I configured clustering on all of the ten computer. Let say at a same time one thousand people access this web services are provided by only one computer, then it may be a very busy. But in this time workload is sharing among ten computers. This is called clustering and if one server will be down server are providing the services in the network . There are tow benefits of Clustering :-
1. Fault Tolerance
2. Load Balancing
Q75. What is authoritative restore. ?
Ans. In this process the one lacks version no high of each object in active directory database and this parts is overrides on other D.C. In the network. We will use this method in Following options such As-- some deletions. Some rename.
Q76. What is migration. ?
Ans. It is basically use for converting NT, 2000 network 2003 network. There are two types of migration :-
1. Upgrading -- in upgrading process maintains current domain model. As for Example-l Before migration three domains are available and after migration again three domain are available.
2. Restructuring -- In restructuring Process no maintain domain models. As for example- Before migration three domains are available and after migration may be one domain will be available.
Q77. What is Schema. ?
Ans. Schema basically reads the Attributes and defines the classes. Such as User class, Printer class,computer class.
Q78. What is Sub Zone. ?
Ans. STUB Zone is a pointer Record of Sub Child Domain in the Network. STUB Zone provides the directly communication between parent Domain and Sub child Domain. If any case middle level DNS will down in that case parent and sub child domain are still communicating with each other in the network.
Q79. What is Shadow Copy. ?
Ans. Shadow copy provides the automatic backup of any particular shared Folder in the Network .Shadow copy provides the No. Of previous version Backup of any particular Shared folder in the Network. In any time we can view and restore of any previous version backup of the particular Folder. This is the new feature of windows 2003 Operating System.
Q80. What is RSOP. ?
Ans. RSOP stands for Resultant Set of Policy. It is basically use for, when ever we want, What ever the effective policy is apply on a particular user and particular computer in the Network.
Q81. What is Goup Policy Modeling. ?
Ans. In Goup policy Modeling. We can find out what ever the effective policy is apply on a particular user and particular computer in the network.
Q82. What is Goup Policy Resulting.?
Ans. In Goup policy resulting, we can find out what ever the effective policy is apply on a particular user and particular computer in the network.
Q83. What is SUS Server.?
Ans. SUS stands for Software update server. This server provides the Automatic Updating from Microsoft update server to all of the clients and servers in the network.
Q84. What is Windows update. ?
Ans. Window update Server provides the automatic updating form Microsoft Windows update server to all of the Client & Server in the network.
Q85. What is GPMC. ?
Ans. GPMC stands for Goup policy Management console. With the help of this Tools We manage the Goup policy object of entire Forest from single location in the network. With the help of this Tools we also take the backup and restoring of Goup policy object.
Q86. What is Conditional Forwarding. ?
Ans. Conditional Forwarding is Basically use in DNS server. In DNS server, We define the condition, If any DNS Query is Related to that particular Domain. In that case that Query will directly forward to that domain and if that DNS Query is not Related to that particular Domain in that case that quey will Forward to ISP DNS server in the network. With the help of conditional Forwarding, we can say the rate of Date Transmission Rate is Fast in the network this is the new Features in Windows 2003 Operating System.
Q87. What is Effective Permission. ?
Ans. Effective Permission display that is what ever the effective permission is available of any user in any particular resources in the Network.
Q88. What is the Booting file of 98 Operating System .?
Ans. 1. MSDOS.SYS
2. IO.SYS
3.COMMAND.COM
Q89. What is ASR.?
Ans. ASR stands for automatic System Recovery, ASR provides the complete backup of any computers in the network.
Q90. What is difference between system policy and Goup policy.?
Ans. System Policy are used in NT environment But Goup policy are used in windows 2000and windows 2003 environment.
Q91. What is connection oriented Protocol. ?
Ans. Before the Data is Sending from source computer to destination computer in the network first of all connection is establish between source to destination computer. It is called connection oriented Protocol . AS for Example:- TCP.
Q92. What is IDE. ?
Ans. IDE stands for Integrated Device Electronics. In IDE we can connect maximum 4 physical devices in the system. In IDE the rate of data Transmission is slow. In IDE Maximum speed is 80 MBPS in the Network.
Q 93. Why we crate a Site. ?
Ans. There are many benefits for creating a Site inside the Network Such as.
1. Manage Replication Traffic Inside the network.
2. For Goup Policy purpose.
3. Administrative Burden Will be low.
4. Network Performance will be good Logon Traffic.
5. Reduce the No. Of request for Global Catalog Server.
Q94. Difference between IP V-4 and IP V-6. ?
Ans. There are major Difference between IP V-4 and IP V-6 Such Aa :-
1. In IP V-4 is a 32bits IP Address But IP V-6 128 bits IP Address.
2. IP V-4 is Decimal Format. But IP V-6 is Hexa-Decimal Number.
3. IP V-4 has 4 Octets. But IP V-6 has 16 Octets.
4. IP V-4 is supported by operating System But IP V-6 Supported by only some Operating System.
5. In IP V-4 only limited number of IP Address are available But in IP V-6 a Number of IP Address are available.
Q95. What is the Function of Schema Partition. ?
Ans. Schema Partition is Responsible for Replication to all of the Domains inside the Forest.
Q 96. What is the function of Configuration Partition. ?
Ans. Configuration Partition is responsible for replication to all of the Domains inside the Forest.
Q97. What is the function of Domain partition. ?
Ans. Domain Partition is responsible for Replication to all of the Additional Domain Controller inside the Own Domain.
Q98. What is Active Directory Database Location ?
Ans. System-root\NTDS Folder \NTDS.DIT.